Jury Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jury - Research Paper ExampleJustification of the reforms to a terra firma legislature on that point have been various reforms initiated with the objective of promoting racial diversity in the composition of juries, so that effective decisions and proper, unbiased images can be made in the courtroom. However, the construction of the jurisdiction is also non without the criticism of racial diversity. In the American society, the minority class peck argon often allegedly ascertained to be treated in a bias manner, which further restrict justice on the buns of their rights and privileges as a US citizen. In this respect, the alleged discrimination amid minority and majority people has raised various ethical issues which include assaults and movements against the State (Minow, 1992). There are instances where the representatives of the juries have been witnessed to evolve their judgment with elusive goals. This raises significant concern with regard to the rationality of the judgme nt offered in the courtroom, where jurors belong to the same melt down as that of the defendant have been alleged to act with sympathy while on the other hand, jurors be to other races tend to implement harsh treatments for punishing the convicts. Hence, it can be argued that the failures of appropriate jurisdiction processes are caused mainly due to lack of diversity in the configuration of jurors. Thus, maintaining a higher degree of racial diversity amid juries is most likely to contribute towards making effective and racially unbiased judgment in the courtroom. Subsequently, with the involvement of minorities and women as jurors, the judgment process may also obtain an enhanced efficiency in dealing with equality of rights and mitigating biasness to a substantial extent (SAGE Publications, 2013). An opponents response to the reform There is need for racial diversity in the jury system so that effective decisions can be made with equality and in an unbiased manner. However, fro m an opponents point of view, with majorities and minorities, as representatives of the jury, the defendants must non to be offered with the opportunity of selecting as well as composing juries in accordance with their races and communal backgrounds. As in the case of Swain v. Alabama - 380 U.S. 202 (1965) (Justia, 1965) and Batson v. Kentucky (No. 84-6263) (LII, 1985), the judiciary composed in the trials of these cases included majority of jurors belonging from the petitioners respective racial backgrounds and communities, which led to biasness in the process decision making. The defendants, with this facility of composing juries on the hind end of their choices, will certainly lead to inappropriate legal decisions and procedures. In this concern, the provisions stipulated by the Supreme homage of the US should firmly prohibit defendants from allocating rights of selecting jury members for the execution of judgment with equality and appropriateness. Furthermore, it stresses tha t the juries should be selected on the basis of merit system amid majority and minority group of individuals, so that the decisions or judgment are

Feminist Film Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Feminist Film Theory - Essay ExampleHe seems choleric but could not resist himself from taking a peek inside once again and succession he does so, a dog is shown licking his hand, obviously giving an indication of what is going on inside. looking at at the description of the scene it seems to be a part of some porn film. But it is real is a scene from an award winning film The Piano directed by a distaff director named Jane Campion . The scene is erotic, it is call forthual and it is about sex. Does it involve a char woman? Yes. Is a woman in this scene used as a commodity or is she objectified? No. The scene is a brilliant work of art where even though the love scene shot is very privileged and erotic, it does not expose the body of a woman hardly so that it can create a visual pleasure for men. This scene, and the movie as a whole, is an answer to what Laura Mulvey in her essay, Visual Pleasure and memoir Cinema had challenged the film makers to achieve. Sex is a part of life. We are born out of sex. So sex can never be denied or eliminated from the cinema. But the challenge was to show sex and woman in such a way that it allows her to maintains her dignity and respect in the society and does not become just an object of visual pleasure. The movie The Piano is an excellent example of how this aim can be achieved.Laura Mulvey is genius of the thinkers who had discussed the feminism in cinema with the aid of the psychoanalytical theories of Sigmund Freud. She studied the theories of Freud and have tried to understand how woman has been suppressed and objectified in the world of cinema. She has compared Freuds theory with the way the audience

Economy of Switzerland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economy of Switzerland - Essay ExampleThe artlesss political environment too is characterized by a high degree of decentralization with adequate amount of autonomy and authorisation delegated to the 26 cantons (Datamonitor, 2007).Macroeconomic indicators happen to be good measure of the economic development of a country as these measures keep track of the life-style of the citizens and the problems faced by them while trying to arrange for the living. articulate macroeconomic indicators help in strengthening the base for a lasting growth of a nation. or so of the macroeconomic indicators all over the last couple of years can be summarized for the country as follows unwashed Domestic Product (gross domestic product) happens to be the key driver of macroeconomic conditions in a country. It is calculated as1 the replete(p) market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year, equal to total consumer, investment and government spending, plus the value of exports, minus the value of imports. Switzerland has seen ordered growth in its GDP over the years, but it appears that is not good enough for it to maintain its pencil lead position amongst similarly placed nations. OECD (2007) in its survey, while lauding the high levels of GDP per capita for Switzerland, also expresses concern over the continuous erosion of Switzerlands relative position over the past decade. The report points prohibited that while meet utilization of labor remains high, the productivity levels has dropped down in comparison to other developed economies like Germany, France, Denmark etc. The growth in real GDP for Switzerland over the period of 2001-2006 is as indicated in table-1 confuse 1 Switzerland real GDP (Swiss francs billion), 2001-2006Table-2 GDP per capita growth in Switzerland compared to major Eurozone countries, 2001-2006 and forecast 2007-11YearGDP (Swiss francs billion)Growth (%)CountryCAGR 2001-2006CAGR 2007-201120014231.1Germany0.91.02002 4250.4France1.41.52003424-0.2Italy0.60.920044342.4Spain2.94.120054442.2Switzerland1.01.420064573.0Source Datamonitor, U.S Census Bureau International Database, subject field Statistical Organization- SwitzerlandCAGR1.55%Source Datamonitor, National Statistical Organization- SwitzerlandEven during the first two quarters of 2007 the GDP growth remained quite encouraging make 0.7% in each period, quarter on quarter (OECD, 2007). What is driving the growth is the acceleration in surreptitious consumption with an increase in the availability of more than job opportunities and labour incomes. In fact in todays market driven economy what makes a big difference in the economic growth is the get power of the workforce which sets a chain reaction in the form of more purchases, more production, and more contribution to the government in the form of taxes, more investments by the industry and expansion of the overall industrial outlook of the nation. Therefore, Switzerland seems to be prep aring adequate ground for inviting more investments which obviously helps the government in shelling out more funds for infrastructure and social welfare sectors. For the year 2007 the GDP growth has been estimated around 2.5%, pretty lower as compared to the 2006 figures but, in view of the global slowdown in economies this percentage appears good enough. The advantage in economic indicators is also on account of

UK Corporate Governance Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UK Corporate Governance Code - Essay ExampleAs a final result, the come along of directors of a company, which is the ultimate decision making authority of a company, has been stickd to become more accountable to the shareholders. However, the present Combined Code on Corporate Governance has been more of a reaction to world(a) business scandals rather than being a pro-active measure that ensures business legitimacy (Porter, 2009). Notwithstanding this fact, there has been a considerable amount of progress made in the direction of ensuring accountability and transparency, especi every(prenominal)y in Britain. It started with the make-up of the Corporate Governance Code in the early 1990s. Hence, in the below sections we study the Code and the legislative framework in its present form and determine its authority in the face of modern scandals and m unrivaledtary debacles. UK Corporate Governance Code Since the 1970s, there has been an increased amount of focus on corporate gove rnance. This whitethorn largely be attributed to the development of big multi-national companies however, the process is still in motion. As a consequence, some(prenominal) of the board of directors of listed companies, who form the most powerful body in the company, of the US and UK are required to be non-executive. The CEO is no longer the sole head of the company and shares responsibilities with the non-executive directors. The idea of creating an independent atmosphere where all perspectives can be included has been extended through a number of measures as a force for good in the economy. The comply or explain principle which is one of the main features of the Code has its grow in the Cadbury commissioning or the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance report of 1992. in the beginning setup to come up with recommendations for financial auditing and other financial matters due to the scandals involving the Polly Peck and Robert Maxwell companies, the Cadbur y Committee headed by Sir Adrian Cadbury made four important recommendations. These were with respect to the board of directors, non - executive directors, executive directors and reporting and authority mechanisms. However, these were not mandatory and the companies were free to follow their own course since it was determined that a legalistic approach would result in conformance only to a minimum basic level that negated the main aims of the Code. It was also matte that a one size fits all formula must(prenominal) not be adopted and that companies must be allowed the option to choose their own course that satisfies their unique requirements. Subsequently there was the Greenbury Report of 1998 that dealt with the wage of directors issue (Barker, 2008). The Code underwent a significant review in 1998 when Sir Ronnie Hampel was charged with the duty of validating the effectiveness of the existent Code. It was recommended that there was no need for radical or revolutionary change s, instead the principles needed to be extended to detailed measures for the listed companies to implement. This was called the Combined Code on Corporate Governance which contained two levels of prescriptive practices, one of which was a set of detailed provisions and the other was a set of open - ended principles. The companies were too required to present a two level declaration of the compliance of the above measures in their yearly report. The Code underwent another review in 2003 following the Higgs and Smith report which added another layer of compliance norms to the existing Code. It was made up of high level main principles, mid

Activity Based Costing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Activity Based Costing - Research Paper ExampleThe total client and distribution woo allocated to the various customers is as follows Departmental stores=400+400+800=1600 Mid size peculiarity stores=3600+15600+19200=38400 Small gift thieves=36000+64000+40000=140000 Total customer support and distribution cost =180000 Contribution margin little(prenominal) customer support and distribution cost leave be as follows using the two approaches. tax revenue approach Description Department store Specialty shops Gift shops Contribution margin 0.5*150000=75000 0.75*100000=75000 0.8*250000=200000 little Customer and distribution cost 54000 36000 90000 21000 39000 11000 ABC approach Description Department store Specialty shop Gift shop Contribution margin 75000 75000 200000 Less Customer and distribution cost 1600 38400 140000 73400 36600 60000 The main magnetic core of a profit fashioning company is to increase its drop deads and reduce cost. Management and cost accountants have to d o up measures that reduce costs and ensure profit maximization (Bhimani, Horngren, Datar & Foster, 2008). In the above case, the customer who should be preferred is that whose contribution margin less Customer and distribution cost is spunky. It must be mention that fixed cost is not employ in making decisions since the company has no control on the fixed cost. Considering the revenue approach of cost allocation, the company will prefer specialty shop because of the high return of 39000. The departments stores with the return of 21000 and lastly the gift shop with a return of 11000 would and then follow this. In the case of bodily function based costing allocation method, the department store will be more attractive comp atomic number 18d to the other customers. The gift...Activity costing being one of the methods of cost allocation. There are four major(ip) steps in cost allocation using this method. First is the purpose of the major activities of the business that result i n cost increases. The cost centers of the activities are then determined. The third stage is the determination of the cost drivers i.e. the factors responsible for the increase in cost in the various cost centers (Horngren, 2009). The costs are then charged to the various cost centers considering the driving factors. The main core of a profit making company is to increase its returns and reduce costs. Management and cost accountants have to put up measures that reduce costs and ensure profit maximization. In the above case, the customer who should be preferred is that whose contribution margin less Customer and distribution cost is high. It must be noted that fixed cost is not used in making decisions since the company has no control on the fixed cost. Considering the revenue approach of cost allocation, the company will prefer specialty shop because of the high return of 39000. The departments stores with the return of 21000 and lastly the gift shop with a return of 11000 would the n follow this. In the case of activity based costing allocation method, the department store will be more attractive compared to the other customers. The gift shop will be second while the specialty shop will be the least attractive.

Evaluation of a Website www.pbskids.org Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation of a Website www.pbskids.org - Essay ExampleI am particularly attracted by the website www.pbskids.org. This website combines entertainment with education, and is very attractively designed. The main draw of the website is the great technological skill of its design, which facilitates its use by children. It is a great example of how learning can be do fun. By incorporating characters, such as Barney & Friends, Curious George, Sesame Street, and Thomas and Friends, into spelling, number and letter games, the website educates and entertains. The bright colors, and good understandable links, are very child-friendly. With websites ranging from the institutional to the personal, it is essential to develop the skill of objectively evaluating a website. Obviously, a commercial website cannot serve as a author for academic take aims, and a website with links to a pharmaceutic firm cannot be cited for medical research. Several criteria, such as accuracy, authority, objectivit y and currency, come into play in evaluating a website (Cornell University Library, 1998). Evaluation of the website www.pbskids.org, establish on the criteria of genuineness of the source, the corroboration of the author, and the information available, gives an accurate picture of the website. The reliability of the source is of paramount importance in evaluating a website. ... Virgin Islands, Guam and American Samoa. PBS reaches nearly 123 jillion television viewers and more than 21 million online visitors in a month. It is Americas largest existence media enterprise. The organizations mission statement clearly reflects its focus on education. It is a measure of the volume of its credentials that the website has a link to the home page of the PBS, where a detailed account of the organization, its mission statement, and monetary value of use are all clearly laid down. As the domain name is clearly preferred, the producer of the website is unequivocally stated, and the creden tials of the organization are reliable, it may be accepted that www.pbskids.org is the product of a reliable source. The credentials of the author is the other strong criteria in the evaluation of a website. www.pbskids.org does not list whatsoever author. In this case, the absence of a single author is not relevant, as the domain name of the website indicates that the source is an organization. As the website is sponsored by an organization, and the credentials of this organization, PBS, are genuine, the authority of the website may be accepted. In the absence of an author, the credentials of the organization may be taken in its stead. PBS KIDS is the winner of several Daytime Emmy Awards and features on many reliable surveys, including Nielsen and Google Analytics. It is clear that PBS is a leading player in curriculum based media, and has the authority to deal with this content. The page gives a direct link to the home page of the organization, where detailed data link informat ion, including e-mail ids and telephone numbers, are provided. Again, it is evident that the organization is very transparent in stating the purpose and

Chapter 5 PhD Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Chapter 5 PhD - Literature suss bulge ExampleThe robustness of the numerical model presented before needs to be verified theoretically to gibe the validity and dependability under various performance regimes. This chapter will look critically at the mathematical model presented before using sensitivity abbreviation methods that will target the various gossips to the mathematical model. The rivalry behind the sensitivity analysis is to vary inputs to the mathematical model as a means of standard the change in the overall output. This would provide for the amount of variation that could occur in the output of the mathematical model in case that erroneous inputs be received.Firstly, a sensitivity analysis is carried out where perturbations are added to the input data (i.e. velocity, acceleration, and throttle position), and consumption is calculated during a drive cycle using the perturbed data. Then, kitschy drive cycles are created, and fuel consumption is measured and cal culated during the same drive cycle. In the mushy drive cycles, high and low velocities and accelerations are involved in order to study the limits until the mathematical relationship between fuel consumption and drive cycle parameters can be used.Sensitivity AnalysisSensitivity analysis is carried out in order to determine how any form of uncertainty in the output of a provided mathematical model could be traced back to the various inputs that are being provided. The apportionment of output uncertainty to input uncertainties in their respective contribution levels allows improvements on the mathematical model for bringing about greater reliability and validity (Saltelli et al., 2008). A sensitivity analysis may be performed for a number of reasons. Primarily, sensitivity analysis allows the determination of model robustness when faced with uncertainty in the inputs (Becker et al., 2011).In addition, sensitivity analysis allows gaining a deeper understanding of how various inputs a re tied to the final output. As

The Effects of M&As in the Furtherance of Strategic Objectives of Dissertation

The Effects of M&As in the Furtherance of Strategic Objectives of Tesco Plc and Wal-Mart - Dissertation Example................................................................................................................. ... Under the PEST analysis, political, economic, social and technological factors (for PEST) go out be discussed. Additionally, legal and environmental factors will also be discussed (completes PESTLE analysis). Under Porters 5 Forces analysis, the 5 forces that influence any given industry will be discussed. These include powers handled by the supplier and the buyer, brat of substitution, competitive rivalry, and threat of new entry. Tesco Company Overview Tesco Plc is an international retailer with active activities in most part of the world apart from providing retail banking and Insurance services. Its wide distribution of stores enables customers to pick the products of their choice from various move of the world. The company delivered a sales harvest of 7.4% by the year 2012 and strong international performance with a return of capital employed of 12%. The company is projected to have a weak growth among its peers due to its low operating profit margin compared to the sector/industry average of 14.39% hence it is considered underperforming in the industry (Tesco Plc, 2012). Tesco Plc realized its potential in the retail industry and decided in many cases to consolidate its efforts with other businesses. The greatest interest was to establish the effect of these consolidations with its aims and objectives in order to unearth the truth on the possible effects of M&As. PESTEL Analysis Politically, the recession remains one of the main gamut that are presently affecting all the countries resulting to high numbers of unemployment. As one of the major and wildest growing retailers, Tesco will inspection and repair more jobs hence reducing levels of unemployment. Economic factors are significant for Tesco because they influence dire ctly the buying conduct of

Religion is a double-edged sword, both supporting and undermining Essay

Religion is a double-edged sword, both supporting and undermining political authority and social elites - shew ExampleIt has brought positivity into the culture of the society when the politics of the nation has failed them. (Cauthen)Let us now meet at trust as a support towards political authority and elites, and then we shall look at religion undermining political authority and elites. During the days of the crusades, Christianity as a religion took complete control over the Roman Empire. It entered the zone of politics and was extremely instrumental in taking control of the empire. Religion has for ample contained the fervor of politics. Nowadays, in countries like the Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and the rest of the Middle East along with Pakistan and Afghanistan, religion takes the primary feather role in shaping the political and administrative identity of the nations. However, in countries like the USA, the European countries, religion has undermined the role of politics and h as taken a step back in matters regarding politics and other all important(predicate) matters, which argon crucial in the governance of the country. (Politics & Elections) Religion has been a subdued way of dungeon for the people in the Western countries since they are not concerned with the type of religion of the people, but are more concerned with the humanitarian nature of the people.This part of the paper shall study how religion undermines and supports the elites in incompatible countries. In those countries where the influence of religion is very high the elites manage the affairs of the country through the pulmonary tuberculosis of religion. It is a very balanced state of affairs, which has an influence upon the way the functioning of the states, happens. It is imperative to note that states where the grandeur of religion is primary, the elites also don the hat of religious groups in order to settle with the people of the State. with the ages the elites have supported the religious identities and